Workers don’t feel vulnerable to ‘flu
Workers outside healthcare settings do not feel vulnerable to influenza and have, therefore, low motivation to vaccinate, unless they have previous experience of infection or an underlying health condition. This is the key finding of a focus-group study of local authority employees in Gloucestershire, which concludes that workplace vaccination programmes: “must proactively address workers’ beliefs and motivations to ensure their participation in ‘flu vaccination programmes.”
McConalogue D et al. “Influenza and vaccination: beliefs and practices of local authority staff”, Occupational Medicine, published online 17 August 2019.
Obesity increases ill health retirement risk
Overweight workers have a higher risk of early ill health retirement due to a musculoskeletal (MSD) disorder or heart disease than normal weight individuals, according to this systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity increases the risk of disability retirement due to MSDs, mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases. These associations between excess body mass and ill health retirement did not differ between men and women, the authors find, concluding: “since the prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, disease burden associated with excess body mass and disability retirement consequently are projected to increase.”
Shiri R et al. “Body mass index and the risk of disability retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, published online 29 August 2019.
Good habits yield wellbeing results
Developing a positive habit towards physical activity can be fostered by a workplace intervention, according to this pilot study in Australia. The authors argue that few interventions that target raising physical activity in the workplace are grounded in behavioural theory, so set out to develop and pilot a six-week, habit-based intervention to increase employees’ weekly step counts. Changes in the strength of individuals’ physical activity habit and step count were assessed at one and six weeks following the intervention. Participants received regular information on 10 top tips to promote habit formation and wore pedometers during work hours. The average strength of workplace physical activity habits significantly increased from baseline to one week after the intervention finished, effects which were still observed six weeks later. However, no significant increase in step counts were observed across any of the time points.
Hamilton K et al. “Habit-based workplace physical activity intervention: a pilot study”, Occupational Medicine, published online 4 September 2019.
Perceived cultural support and employee health
A workplace culture with a strong emphasis on supporting employee health is associated with positive self-reported health among employees, according to this analysis of 725 employees in an insurance firm. The authors conclude that “wellbeing strategies focusing on social capital and encouraging healthy behaviors are likely to have increased effectiveness.”
Kwon Y and Marzec M L. “Unpacking the associations between perceived cultural support and employee health: the approach of social capital”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, published online 5 September 2019.
Plotting work and sickness absence trajectories
Women workers, those with musculoskeletal disease and those whose jobs entails exposure to high levels of air pollution are more likely to experience at least one period of disability leave, according to this study of almost 50,000 employees in a large US manufacturing firm. The researchers grouped workers who shared similar trajectories of work and disability leave and then used regression models to describe the demographic, health and job-specific correlates of these trajectories.
Harrati A et al. “Characterizing long-term trajectories of work and disability leave: the role of occupational exposures, health and personal demographics”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, published online 5 September 2019.
Head and neck cancers in World Trade Centre responders
First responders in the protective services (for example, fire and police services) attending the World Trade Center (WTC) on or after 11 September 2001 have significantly increased odds of developing head and neck cancers (HNCs), according to this case-control study. Those in non-protective services occupations who assisted at the WTC on, but not after, 11 September 2001 were also at higher risk of developing this type of cancer. The length of time spent at the sight was not significantly associated with HNCs; certain lifetime behaviours, including cigarette smoking, were however associated with a raised risk.
Manderski M T B et al. “Risk factors for head and neck cancer in the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort: results from a nested case-control study”, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, published online 12 September 2019.
Disclosing mental ill health at work
Choosing whether or not to disclose mental illness at work is a highly-sensitive issue for those affected. On the one hand, disclosure can aid work retention but, on the other, can lead to job loss or failure to be recruited because of stigma and discrimination. This focus group study explores how employees with mental ill health, and other stakeholders such as HR professionals, perceive the advantages and disadvantages of disclosing, and the factors making for a positive experience in disclosing. Advantages included: improved relationships at work, authenticity, support in the work environment and a friendly work culture. The two main disadvantages were: discrimination and stigma. Factors influencing the decision to disclose focus on the disclosure process, workplace, financial and employee factors. On the disclosure process, stakeholders identified sub-themes: who to disclose to, the timing of disclosure, preparing to disclose, the content of the disclosure message and communication style.
Brouwers E P M et al. “To disclose or not to disclose: a multi-stakeholder focus group study on mental health issues in the work environment”, Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, published online 13 August 2019.
Fatigue as a predictor of effective rehabilitation
Symptoms of fatigue have been shown to be associated with heightened levels of disability in patients suffering from a wide range of debilitating health and mental health conditions, but not work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This cross-sectional study of 117 individuals with MSDs evaluated a behavioural-based rehabilitation intervention. It reveals that fatigue contributes significant variance to the prediction of self-reported disability, beyond the variance accounted for by pain severity and depression. Reductions in fatigue during treatment also predicted occupational re-engagement following the end of the rehabilitation intervention. The authors conclude that: “behavioural activation interventions such as the one used in the present study might contribute to more positive occupational outcomes in work-disabled individuals who report high levels of fatigue.”
Yamada K et al. “Reductions in fatigue predict occupational re-engagement in individuals with work-related musculoskeletal disorders”, Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, published online 28 August 2019.
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