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Employment tribunals

Employment rights are enforced in the employment tribunal. For example, employment tribunals consider complaints of unfair dismissal and discrimination. Employment tribunals can also consider breach of contract claims if the value of the claim does not exceed £25,000.

Employment tribunal proceedings are started by the claimant completing and submitting an ET1 claim form within the required time limit. The ET3 response form is the employer’s response to the claim form.

Fees are payable and an early conciliation process must be followed before an employment tribunal claim can proceed.


    • Age discrimination
    • Latest News
    • Discrimination

    ‘Back in your day’ could be discriminatory, rules judge

    by Adam McCulloch 25 Apr 2024
    by Adam McCulloch 25 Apr 2024

    ‘Back in the day’ is a ‘barbed and unwelcome’ expression if used to highlight an age gap between co-workers, and could amount to ‘unwanted conduct’.

    • Zero hours
    • Employment law
    • Latest News

    Libby Purves is wrong: the UK’s employment law is best in class

    by John Hayes 18 Apr 2024
    by John Hayes 18 Apr 2024

    Employment lawyer John Hayes takes issue with an article in The Times and explains why UK law strikes the right balance.

    • Reasonable adjustments
    • Civil Service
    • Disability

    DWP treated autistic work coach unfavourably

    by Ashleigh Webber 16 Apr 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 16 Apr 2024

    Tribunal finds the Department for Work and Pensions treated an autistic work coach unfavourably and failed to make reasonable adjustments for him.

    • Employment law
    • Latest News
    • Gig economy

    Parcelforce drivers launch worker status claim against Royal Mail

    by Ashleigh Webber 8 Apr 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 8 Apr 2024

    Parcelforce drivers have launched a worker status claim against Royal Mail, as they say they have been misclassified as self-employed. 

    • Auto-enrolment
    • Minimum service levels
    • Collective redundancy

    An HR things-to-do list for April 2024

    by Rob Moss 5 Apr 2024
    by Rob Moss 5 Apr 2024

    Personnel Today provides an HR checklist of things to do in April 2024, as new employment laws come into force in the UK.

    • Constructive dismissal
    • Health and safety
    • Latest News

    Lecturer who complained about flooding and PPE wins £44k

    by Ashleigh Webber 5 Apr 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 5 Apr 2024

    An art lecturer has succeeded in his constructive dismissal claim following a series of complaints about flooding and PPE provision.

    • Latest News
    • Equal pay
    • Employment tribunals

    Woman wins £48k following ‘effective demotion’ after equal pay complaint

    by Ashleigh Webber 27 Mar 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 27 Mar 2024

    A woman who claimed she received an 'effective demotion' after raising an equal pay concern has won her case at employment tribunal.

    • Stress
    • Local authorities
    • Disability discrimination

    Worker who suffered PTSD after Grenfell wins record £4.6m

    by Ashleigh Webber 18 Mar 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 18 Mar 2024

    Former council employee dismissed after taking sick leave for PTSD following the Grenfell Tower fire has been awarded £4.6m by tribunal.

    • Reasonable adjustments
    • Disability
    • Latest News

    Rentokil Initial loses appeal in reasonable adjustments case

    by Ashleigh Webber 15 Mar 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 15 Mar 2024

    Rentokil Initial UK has lost an appeal in a case concerning a failure to make reasonable adjustments for an employee with multiple sclerosis.

    • Reasonable adjustments
    • Disability
    • Latest News

    Bus driver with Crohn’s disease who soiled himself at work wins £28k

    by Ashleigh Webber 14 Mar 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 14 Mar 2024

    Driver with Crohn's disease, who was given shifts without sufficient toilet breaks, has been awarded compensation by an employment tribunal.

    • Constructive dismissal
    • Bullying and harassment
    • Belief discrimination

    OU agrees settlement in gender-critical belief case

    by Rob Moss 13 Mar 2024
    by Rob Moss 13 Mar 2024

    Professor Jo Phoenix agrees to settlement with Open University after winning claim for discrimination due to her gender-critical beliefs.

    • Bullying and harassment
    • Equality, diversity and inclusion
    • Latest News

    Sonographer told to clean clinic wins £33k for racial harassment

    by Ashleigh Webber 11 Mar 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 11 Mar 2024

    A black African sonographer has won more than £33,000 for racial harassment and discrimination at an employment tribunal.

    • Bullying and harassment
    • Latest News
    • HR practice

    Tarantula-pranking train driver reinstated and awarded £40k

    by Rob Moss 28 Feb 2024
    by Rob Moss 28 Feb 2024

    Employment judge decides that dismissal for gross misconduct was inconsistent with the nature of prank involving a tarantula's shed skin.

    • Latest News
    • Discipline and grievances
    • Dismissal

    Council to pay £60k for flawed misconduct investigation

    by Ashleigh Webber 27 Feb 2024
    by Ashleigh Webber 27 Feb 2024

    A tribunal has ordered City of York Council to pay an ex-employee more than £60,000 for wrongful dismissal following a flawed investigation.

    • Equality, diversity and inclusion
    • Latest News
    • Employment tribunals

    Employment tribunal fees criticised for ‘pricing workers out of justice’

    by Rob Moss 26 Feb 2024
    by Rob Moss 26 Feb 2024

    Organisations including the TUC, Citizens Advice, and Disability Rights UK criticise plans to reintroduce employment tribunal fees.

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